March 2007:: issue 41
 
 
 
Books This Month
1. Up Is Up, But So Is Down: New York's Downtown Literary Scene, 1974-1992 by Brandon Stosuy (Editor)
2. Zoli by Colum McCann
3. James Tiptree, Jr.: The Double Life of Alice B. Sheldon by Julie Phillips
4. Wizard of the Crow by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o
5. The Royal Nonesuch by Glasgow Phillips
6. Dream: Re-Imagining Progressive Politics in an Age of Fantasy by Stephen Duncombe
7. Free Press: Underground & Alternative Publications, 1965-1975 by Jean-François Bizot
  Feature
Book News
Credits/About Us

Rebels
This month, we bring you a variety of books about people who go against the grain. Beginning with some real-life iconoclasts, we review a biography of Alice Sheldon, who fooled the world writing pioneering sci-fi under a male pen name; we also consider a louche memoir of fast times at a start-up just before the dot-bomb. Colum McCann's latest novel sketches the life of a great Romany poet, while Kenyan novelist Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o satirizes an authoritarian ruler. In a memo to would-be rebels, an out-there professor suggests that activists take their cues from video games. Sometimes the truly cutting edge only gets its due in hindsight — that's the testimony of both a collection of eye-popping graphics from '60s and '70s underground rags and a scrapbook of the downtown literary scene of the '80s. We close with an interview with one of the writers who defined that scene, the perpetually avant-garde Lynne Tillman.
- Toby Warner
 
 

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NONFICTION
Up Is Up, But So Is Down: New York's Downtown Literary Scene, 1974-1992
by Brandon Stosuy (Editor)

 


Published: 2006  
Pages: 510  
Publisher: New York University Press  

Links:
Stosuy in The Believer
Village Voice review
 
It was an avant-garde united by the shared need to confront, confirm, rail against, and redefine notions of urban claustrophobia, poverty, filth, sexual taboo, addiction, and death.

Review
Up Is Up, But So Is Down comprises short stories, essays, poetry, handwritten scribbles, and visual snippets reproduced from zines, posters, pamphlets, fliers, and literary mags — fragments that tell the tale of a wickedly creative artistic community that inhabited downtown Manhattan during the post-Beat decades of the late 20th century. Powerfully effective at tapping into a rebel zeitgeist that recently was, editor Brandon Stosuy's Up Is Up includes announcements of group poetry readings, underground film festivals, and book parties — emblems of the spirit of artistic collaboration and crossover that characterized the time, as well as keen records of the names involved.

As for the writing, alongside wordsmiths like Mary Gaitskill, Gary Indiana, and Tama Janowitz are haunting prose and poetry by the likes of Laurie Anderson, Richard Hell, Thurston Moore, Patti Smith, Bruce Weber, and David Wojnarowicz — plus many other artists who were working beyond the borders of a single medium. Although the subject matter is as varied as the contributors themselves, certain themes resonate throughout; strippers, prostitutes, junkies, criminals, miscreants, and the "Bohomeless" (to cite Darius James' 1987 conflation of "homeless Bohemian") were some of the antiheroes du jour. Experimentalism and transgression were the goals, both formally and thematically. It was an avant-garde united by the shared need to confront, confirm, rail against, and redefine notions of urban claustrophobia, poverty, filth, sexual taboo, addiction, and death.

The demise of New York's downtown literary scene has been partly ascribed to the gentrification of SoHo, the East Village, and the Lower East Side, and partly to the ascendancy of Seattle grunge in the early '90s. The real killer, more tragically and more profoundly, was AIDS. Printed on a 1992 flier announcing the memorial service of AIDS victim Wojnarowicz are his own words announcing the end of an era: "...I worry that friends will slowly become professional pallbearers, waiting for each death, of their lovers, friends, and neighbors, and polishing their funeral speeches; perfecting their rituals of death rather than a relatively simple ritual of life such as screaming in the streets..." Piercing through tragedy and hardship, the legacy of these downtown writers reaches us after all, like a howl in the darkness.
- Stephen Dougherty


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FICTION
Zoli
by Colum McCann

 


Published: January 2007  
Pages: 352  
Publisher: Random House  

Links:
Author site
Powells interview
Author’s top ten novels on poets
 
Born Marienka but called Zoli, McCann's main character encapsulates the complex and emotional journey the Roma people endured for most of the 20th century.

Review
Based loosely on the life of Polish Romany poet Bronislawa Wajs (or Papusza, her Roma name), Colum McCann's sixth and latest book, Zoli, is a poetic tale of belonging, borders, and the odd joy of being different. Easily roaming between narrators and nations, the delightful book has at its core an artist who refuses to conform and is never comfortable being anything but herself. Born Marienka but called Zoli, McCann's main character encapsulates the complex and emotional journey the Roma people endured for most of the 20th century.

In the 1930s, in a nation that no longer exists, six-year-old Zoli and her Marx-reading grandfather escape the pro-Nazi Slovak forces that kill the rest of the family by forcing them onto a frozen lake at gunpoint. Fate is cruel to Zoli, but her grandfather ensures that she will buck Roma tradition, take up the pencil, and learn to read and write. With her kumpanija ("band of families") Zoli escapes the maniacal fascists — who would rather cart her people off to concentration camps — to experience an all-too-brief golden age when the Communists arrive and embrace the Roma as examples of liberated proletarians.

During this brief cultural entente between Roma and the gadzi ("foreigners"), Zoli's star rises as a Romany poet who pens the age-old oral tradition of her people to the delight of the Communist intelligentsia. But this blissful moment ends when the Soviet leaders reveal their intentions to forcibly settle the freedom-loving Roma. The Roma rekindle their suspicious hate of the gadzi and blame Zoli for making their world accessible to outsiders; her kumpanija convict her of being a traitor and banish her — the penalty being that all Roma treat her as an outsider. Full of fear and self-loathing, Zoli destroys her work and heads to Paris.

The novel does without the usual kitsch that is connected with the Roma (still mistakenly known as Gypsies), choosing instead to follow the ascent of an artist alienated from the world. McCann is a powerful wordsmith — by Zoli's end, his heroine is somewhat redeemed as a symbol of authenticity and artistic integrity. Zoli's journey in words illuminates the vivid and visceral work of McCann's Roma poet.
- Hrag Vartanian


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NONFICTION
James Tiptree, Jr.: The Double Life of Alice B. Sheldon
by Julie Phillips

 


Published: 2006  
Pages: 480  
Publisher: St. Martin's Press  

Links:
Book site
NPR interview
Strange Horizons interview
Salon review
 
Sheldon worked for the CIA, married an older operative, quit to run a chicken farm, received a PhD in psychology, and finally began writing science fiction under the pseudonym James Tiptree, Jr.

Review
Science-fiction enthusiasts know James Tiptree, Jr. as a remarkable, energetic, and inventive storyteller who burst onto the scene in the late '60s with a series of stories that helped define the genre. His tales explored the role of sexuality and gender, and although told from a man's point of view, they were often sympathetic to women. Tiptree carried on lengthy correspondences with editors, as well as other sci-fi heavyweights (notably Philip K. Dick and Ursula K. LeGuin), none of whom had ever met Tiptree in person. Then, in 1976, James Tiptree, Jr. was revealed to be a 61-year-old woman named Alice B. Sheldon who lived in rural Virginia.

Julie Phillips' new book, James Tiptree, Jr.: The Double Life of Alice B. Sheldon, is a thoroughly engaging look at the life of this remarkable woman. This compelling biography follows Sheldon's long and meandering life and searches for the psychological roots of the Tiptree persona that she created. Phillips tells how Sheldon was waltzed around Africa and India by her explorer parents at the age of six, and then had a briefly successful career as a painter before joining the military, during World War II, in one of the few female brigades. She worked for the CIA, married an older operative, quit to run a chicken farm, received a Ph.D. in psychology, and finally began writing under the pseudonym James Tiptree, Jr. — a name she stole off a jam jar.

Through all of her many careers and identities, it is clear (from Phillips' telling) that Sheldon suffered some degree of manic depression and quite a bit of frustration about her role as an intelligent, beautiful, and sexual woman in mid-20th-century America. Sheldon clearly struggled against the societal constraints on what it meant to be a woman, and Phillips suggests that, in another era, Sheldon might have been a lesbian or a transsexual. It is also possible she would have eventually received medication for her bipolar disorder, had she not killed herself, at the age of 72, in a murder-suicide pact with her husband.

The beauty of The Double Life is that Phillips doesn't presume to answer any of the questions about what Alice Sheldon may or may not have been. Instead, the author lets Sheldon speak for herself, giving readers space to draw their own conclusions. With obvious love and respect, and ample genius of her own, Julie Philips has produced a definitive biography that honors its subject in every way.
- Sage Van Wing


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FICTION
Wizard of the Crow
by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o

 


Published: 2006  
Pages: 768  
Publisher: Pantheon Books  

Links:
Author profile
Excerpt
BookForum review
Socialist Worker interview
 
A combination of larger-than-life characters, outrageous plotlines, and intimate prose makes Wizard of the Crow feel like a story told outdoors on some warm savannah night.

Review
We've waited 20 years for Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's new novel, and appropriately he's dropped a 768-page brick on us. But don't let Wizard of the Crow's size daunt you. Part political satire, part fable, part coming-of-age story, Thiong'o's addictive book hooks early and satisfies throughout.

Modeled on the history of the author's native Kenya, Wizard of the Crow begins with the Ruler — as Aburiria's dictator is known — unveiling his plan to build Marching to Heaven, a latter-day Tower of Babel that will climb into space and show the rich nations how great Africa is. The Ruler's big moment is ruined when snakes suddenly appear and send the crowd into chaos. Rumor has it that the snakes are the work of a movement that's trying to overthrow the Ruler — audacious indeed, and all the more insulting because it consists solely of women.

It's here that Thiong'o's tapestry of magical-realist narratives begins to get intricate. The Ruler travels to America to secure a loan for Marching to Heaven, but once there, he begins to inflate like a balloon. His two lieutenants must battle the resistance, but they quickly start squabbling and arrest all the wrong people. Their comic incompetence is worsened by a powerful new mage called the Wizard of the Crow. In reality, the Wizard is an unemployed, starving Ph.D., but after he tricks a police officer into believing he's a magician, word of his "powers" spreads and he becomes the resistance's most potent weapon.

A combination of larger-than-life characters, outrageous plotlines, and intimate prose makes Wizard of the Crow feel like a story told outdoors on some warm savannah night. That's just how Thiong'o wants it. Originally written in Gikuyu, the book is meant to reflect Kenya's rich, oral storytelling tradition and to demonstrate the power of stories both to transmit culture and to help people make sense of their lives. Thiong'o also ensures that his novel lays bare — and viciously satirizes — Kenya's shameful, power-hungry political class.
- Scott Esposito


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NONFICTION
The Royal Nonesuch
by Glasgow Phillips

 


Published: March 2007  
Pages: 384  
Publisher: Black Cat  

Links:
Author’s blog
 
It was the late-'90s, an iridescent and utopian dawn — at least in California, where everyone knew what the next big thing was and the smart ones tried to buy, hustle, and steal a part of it.

Review
The Royal Nonesuch starts off tellingly, with a motorcycle crash. With a novel already published and praise already bestowed, Glasgow Phillips was living the great American writer's dream. He was riding high and wild on a KZ 750 bike and a Stanford Creative Writing stipend when an errant Toyota Camry knocked him back to earth. Phillips, rattled but structurally intact, picked himself up and moved from Austin to Los Angeles.

His second novel remained unwritten, but it was the late '90s, an iridescent and utopian dawn — at least in California, where everyone knew what the next big thing was and the smart ones tried to buy, hustle, and steal a part of it. As the reader soon learns, Glasgow Phillips is a born hustler.

"The Royal Nonesuch," as Mark Twain wrote it in Huckleberry Finn, is a hoax: it's a theater show full of razzmatazz and flim-flammery that promises the "greatest tragedy of all time." Of course, when the curtain rises, nothing's doing, but — and here lies the genius — the audience, not wanting to admit to being stooges, tells the other townsfolk how great the show was. This pretty much nails Glasgow Phillips' trajectory. With his friends Jason and Dian, and a merry band of fools, Phillips starts numerous ventures, hoping to harness the exuberant economy and almost end-of-days exuberance. He starts Quiddity, a corporate-naming company; CRAPtv, an online TV content provider; and a Blair Witch Project homage. Needless to say, despite promise and munificence from a large number of people, Philips is slowly but surely repeating his crash in slow motion.

The book is a rambling Vanity Fair of late '90s Los Angeles. Matt Stone and Trey Parker make appearances, and Les Claypool and Ted Demme have cameos. Sex parties and the ins-and-outs of venture capitalism collide in a way only possible at that time and in that place. Phillips' tale faithfully details the insanity of the bubble and the humanity of the little stories that, like bubbles in a flute of champagne, fizzle and pop.
- Joshua David Stein


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NONFICTION
Dream: Re-Imagining Progressive Politics in an Age of Fantasy
by Stephen Duncombe

 


Published: January 2007  
Pages: 230  
Publisher: New Press  

Links:
Author’s NYU site
Book site
Author’s Cultural Resistance Reader
 
Duncombe formulates a colorful curriculum that includes Grand Theft Auto, the Billionaires for Bush network, Madison Avenue-crafted McDonald's commercials, and Las Vegas' urban planners.

Review
Stephen Duncombe has had many professional incarnations: a longtime community activist, cultural studies author, scholar of the compliance profession, and professor to an Olsen twin. With his latest manifesto, he adds a new tag to his curriculum vitae — political dreamscape theorist.

While his politics are pretty distant from those of the 43rd President, Duncombe begins by giving props and plaudits to the Bush administration. Citing familiar anecdotes — from those missing WMDs to that theatrical "mission accomplished" speech — he argues that the administration has built a compelling political platform rooted in fantasy. Duncombe's point is best summed up by a quote from a senior Bush adviser, who revealed the administration's position on reality: "We're an empire now and when we act we create reality."

While fantasy has led some to victory, more pragmatic political paths have led others to failure. Among the most dismal losers have been progressives — the faction Duncombe most identifies with politically and the presumptive audience of this book. Aroused by a mix of jealousy and excitement, Duncombe formulates a colorful curriculum that calls for an injection of imagination into the politics of the Left. This includes lessons from such disparate source materials as Grand Theft Auto, the Billionaires for Bush network, Madison Avenue-crafted McDonald's commercials, and Las Vegas' urban planners. The focus of this fluent narrative is what he calls "dreampolitik" — realpolitik's creative counterpoint.

Progressives, Duncombe maintains, currently operate within a political model founded on the admirable yet outdated Enlightenment-era principles of reason and rationalism. If their purpose is to effect meaningful political change, then it's time for a new strategy. Duncombe's solution? Dream. By envisioning and enacting a political spectacle that heeds fantasy more than fact, progressives might capture the popular imagination and, possibly, the popular vote.

Throughout Dream, the author deftly explores American pop culture and political symbolism. With humility and humor, he explains why his political nemeses are more effective at motivating the masses than his comrades. He offers a re-imagined brand of progressivism, suggesting that his readers play politics a bit more like a video game.
- Justin Kazmark


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ART
Free Press: Underground & Alternative Publications, 1965-1975
by Jean-François Bizot

 


Published: 2006  
Pages: 255  
Publisher: Universe  

Links:
Author site
Bizot’s Radio Nova
New Statesman review
 
High energy and immediacy characterize the era's graphic design: text was often handwritten and laid out sideways, and trippy cartoons in saturated colors captured a drug-addled generation.

Review
The need for alternative news sources brought divergent countercultural scenes together in the late '60s and early '70s, connecting psychedelia with the nascent gay pride movement, the Black Panthers with Andy Warhol, and the environmentalists with the feminists. With Free Press, Jean-François Bizot, who founded Paris' underground publication Actuel in 1970, narrates the evolution of the free press movement through hundreds of magazine covers, posters, and excerpted pages. Divided into topical chapters such as "Freak Out!" and "Black Power!," the detailed reproductions speak for themselves, with annotations relegated to the back of the book. It's as close to the '60s protest movements as some of us will ever get.

The Underground Press Syndicate (UPS) started in the offices of the East Village Other in 1966, and supplied free news reports by writers such as Hunter S. Thompson and Ken Kesey, with illustrations by R. Crumb, Ron Cobb, and Spain Rodriguez. Via the UPS, mid-1960s American protest rags such as the L.A. Free Press and the Berkeley Barb inspired fledgling zines, including London’s it and Oz. No matter what the cause, radical aesthetics went hand in hand with radical politics. A crude, three-color image from the East Village Other depicts a woman in lingerie, holding a handgun and resting her leg provocatively on the body of a dead policeman. The caption reads: "Celebrating the Decline of Traditional Values."

High energy and immediacy characterize the era's graphic design: text was often handwritten and laid out sideways, and trippy cartoons in saturated colors, such as Crumb's bug-eyed man on the cover of Oz, captured a drug-addled generation. And although Angela Davis, John and Yoko, and other historical figures dot the pages of the anthology, Free Press also returns forgotten moments to the limelight. Most strikingly, its covers fold out into campaign posters for the Black Panther Eldridge Cleaver's 1968 run for President.
- H.G. Masters


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FEATURE

Interview: Lynne Tillman





  From her involvement in New York's downtown art scene in the 1980s to her most recent novel, American Genius, A Comedy, Lynne Tillman has resolutely ignored the borders of mainstream culture and literary convention. The author of five novels, she is equally renowned for her experimental short stories, essays, and art criticism . Tillman spoke with Boldtype's McKay McFadden about rebels in literature, living and writing in New York City, and why Americans have become so sensitive.

Boldtype: Do you think great writers have to be rebels?

Lynne Tillman: The concept's too romantic for me, and writing isn't. I want to read writers who reject complacency of all kinds, and they may do it quietly. I don't have time for writers who repeat and reproduce tired or conventional ideas, and how it's done— how that rejection takes place — can be good writing or bad. But ultimately it's the writing that makes the subject — Virginia Woolf writing about the death of a moth.

BT: Which rebellious writers or books have been most important to you?

LT : Virginia Woolf; St. Augustine's Confessions; Freud; Jane Austen; Jane Bowles' Two Serious Ladies; Kafka; Henry James' Figure in the Carpet and The Golden Bowl, particularly; Paula Fox; D.W. Winnicott; Primo Levi; Vance Bourjaily's The Violated; Edith Wharton; Ginsberg's "Howl" and "Kaddish"; Salinger; Kerouac's On the Road; Foucault; Gertrude Stein; Robert Creeley; Emily Dickinson; Beckett's plays, especially. I could go on and on, there are many more.

BT: How does living in the East Village affect your writing? What do you like about living and writing in that neighborhood?

Keep reading »


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BOOK NEWS
A few notable bits of recent book news.

  • Professor Martin Amis (Guardian)

  • Martin Amis takes a post as a creative writing teacher at Manchester University, promising to be sweet to his students.

  • Indian literary diaspora (Guardian)

  • The Guardian examines India's burgeoning literary scene, both inside and outside of the country's borders.

  • Behind the scenes at the NYTBR (The Knight News via The Elegant Variation)

  • An in-depth interview with Sam Tanenhaus, Editor-in-Chief of the NY Times Book Review.

  • Don't eat it, read it. (Bookslut)

  • Book covers that won't whet your appetite are in high demand for the new genre of food writing.

  • Didion on Broadway (NPR)

  • Joan Didion has adapted The Year of Magical Thinking into a one-woman play, set to open on Broadway in March.

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    CREDITS

    Editors
    Toby Warner
    Mark Mangan
    Paul Laster
    Doug Levy
    McKay McFadden
    Nick Merritt
    Chris Gage
    Chris Parris-Lamb

    Editors-at-Large
    Larry Weissman
    Sean McDonald

    Contributors
    Stephen Dougherty
    Scott Esposito
    Justin Kazmark
    H.G. Masters
    Joshua David Stein
    Hrag Vartanian
    Sage Van Wing

    Production & Design
    Anjuli Ayer
    Jessica Bauer-Greene
    Morgan Croney
    Sascha Lewis
    Andrew Steinmetz
    Daphne Yang

    Cover Art
    Advertisement from Mainmise, 1971
    From Free Press: Underground and Alternative Publications 1965-1975
    Universe/Rizzoli, 2006
    All Rights Reserved


      ABOUT US
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